Tutorial

Q1.      ( a ).     With the aid of the diagram, explain the basic concept of digital memory.    Use ONLY the spaces given below.

                ( b ).        Name two types of application that can be extended from the understanding of the digital memory concept.

Q2.      Complete the timing diagram of Figure Q2(ii) for Figure Q2(i).  Assume the initial state for the flip-flop is low.

Q3.         By applying the input clock and timing as shown in Figure Q3(i) to the flip-flops as shown in Figure Q3(ii), the output Q1 and Q2 will demonstrate the behavior of both devices with respect to their characteristics.  Preset and Clear for both flip-flops are initially connected to the ground before the operation of the circuit take place.  Complete the timing diagram (Q₁ and Q₂) in Figure Q3(i) for both during initial condition and circuit operation.

Q4.      (a)        Referring to the circuit in Figure Q4(a)(i) in attachment;

                        i)          Complete the timing diagram in Figure Q4(a)(ii) in attachment.  Assume all flip-flop outputs are initially LOW.

ii)         What is the similarity characteristic that can be concluded from both flip-flop connections?

            (b)        Referring to the Figure Q4(b)(i) in attachment;           

i)          Draw the output Q_A and Q_B in Figure Q4(b)(ii) in attachment.   Assume all flip-flop outputs are initially LOW.

ii)         If the clock frequency is 1 MHz, what is the frequency of output waveform, Q_B?